Core Principles of Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI)

Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) is not just a technological solution; it's a movement guided by a set of principles designed to empower individuals and reshape how digital identity works. These principles, largely based on the foundational work by Christopher Allen, ensure that SSI systems are built with user rights, control, and privacy at their core. Understanding these principles is key to grasping the profound shift SSI represents from traditional identity models, as discussed in Exploring Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI).

Abstract image representing foundational pillars or guiding principles.
The foundational principles guiding Self-Sovereign Identity.

The Guiding Principles

The following are widely recognized principles that underpin Self-Sovereign Identity:

  • 1. Existence: Users must have an independent existence. Their identity is their own and does not depend on any single institution or authority for its validity or presence. This means you exist digitally on your own terms.
  • 2. Control: Users must control their identities. They should have ultimate authority over their digital identity and how it is used, including the ability to create, update, and even hide it as they see fit.
  • 3. Access: Users must have access to their own data. They should be able to easily retrieve all their identity data and associated claims, without needing permission from or paying a third party.
  • 4. Transparency: Systems and algorithms involved in identity management must be transparent. Users should be able to understand how their identity information is being managed, used, and secured. The processes should be open to scrutiny.
  • 5. Persistence: Identities must be long-lived. Users should be able to rely on their digital identity for as long as they wish. It should not be easily revocable or subject to the whims of external organizations.
  • 6. Portability: Information and services about identity must be transportable. Users should be able to move their identity data and credentials from one platform or service to another without vendor lock-in.
  • 7. Interoperability: Identities should be as widely usable as possible. SSI systems should be designed to work together, allowing identities created in one system to be recognized and used across different networks, applications, and jurisdictions. The role of APIs in modern software also highlights the importance of interoperability in technology.
  • 8. Consent: Users must consent to the use of their identity and data. Any sharing or use of a user's identity information must be based on their explicit and informed consent for a specific purpose.
  • 9. Minimization: Disclosure of claims and personal data must be minimized. When interacting online, users should only have to reveal the minimum amount of information necessary for that specific interaction (selective disclosure).
  • 10. Protection: The rights of users must be protected. SSI systems must be designed to safeguard user privacy, ensure security against attacks, and provide recourse if their rights are violated. This includes protection from surveillance and censorship.

These principles collectively aim to create a digital identity ecosystem that is more equitable, secure, and respectful of individual autonomy. The technologies that enable these principles, such as DIDs and VCs, are explored further in Key Technologies in SSI.